AI Income Risk · Real Estate

Zuid-Holland

ProofIndex score 57/100 (Moderate Risk) · medium confidence

ProofIndex score: 57/100 — Moderate Risk risk.

Scoring period 2026-Q2 · medium data confidence

Zuid-Holland (Netherlands) shows moderate exposure in ProofIndex’s scoring, with a ProofIndex score of 57/100 (Moderate Risk). The biggest contributor is income concentration. This measures how concentrated local income is in higher-paid, AI-exposed work.

Key risk drivers

Resilience Factors — 81/100
Local economic buffers such as savings, benefits, and job diversity that can absorb an income shock.
Income Concentration — 67/100
How concentrated local income is in higher-paid, AI-exposed work.
Employment Vulnerability — 65/100
How exposed local jobs are to AI automation, based on the area’s occupation mix.
Housing Leverage — 59/100
How leveraged local mortgage borrowers are, based on loan-to-value, debt-to-income, and price-to-income.

Where this score comes from

Every ProofIndex pillar uses published statistics. Review the sources behind this area's score, when each was released, and its known limitations.

Employment Vulnerability — CBS — Statistics Netherlands
Dutch occupation classification · Official statistics · Province · vintage 2024. Direct province-level occupation data; COROP areas may inherit adjusted province mix.
Income Concentration — CBS — Statistics Netherlands
Dutch official regional statistics · Official statistics · Province / COROP · vintage 2024-2025. Official national statistics; COROP-level values may combine direct series with derived regional ratios.
Housing Leverage — CBS — Statistics Netherlands
Dutch official regional statistics · Official statistics · Province / COROP · vintage 2024-2025. Official national statistics; COROP-level values may combine direct series with derived regional ratios.
Rental Market Exposure — CBS — Statistics Netherlands
Dutch official regional statistics · Official statistics · Province / COROP · vintage 2024-2025. Official national statistics; COROP-level values may combine direct series with derived regional ratios.
Resilience Factors — CBS — Statistics Netherlands
Dutch official regional statistics · Official statistics · Province / COROP · vintage 2024-2025. Official national statistics; COROP-level values may combine direct series with derived regional ratios.

Frequently asked questions

Is Zuid-Holland at risk from AI job losses?

Zuid-Holland has moderate exposure and sits near the middle of the covered Netherlands markets. It scores 57/100 (Moderate Risk) overall, and 65/100 on employment vulnerability, which measures how much local work overlaps with tasks AI can already do. ProofIndex measures how exposed local incomes are, not how many jobs will go: a higher score means more of the local wage base comes from work that AI is changing.

How exposed is the Zuid-Holland housing market to AI automation?

Zuid-Holland scores 57/100 (Moderate Risk) on ProofIndex, which blends how exposed local incomes are to AI with how leveraged the local housing market is. The largest contributor is income concentration at 67/100. This measures how concentrated local income is in higher-paid, AI-exposed work. Housing leverage scores 59/100, based on loan-to-value, debt-to-income, and price-to-income among local borrowers. Local resilience scores 81/100. Savings, benefits, and job diversity reduce the final score. Scores are normalized 0–100 within Netherlands, so this compares Zuid-Holland with other Netherlands markets. It cannot be compared directly with markets abroad.

Why is Zuid-Holland rated Moderate Risk?

Moderate Risk is the risk tier ProofIndex assigns to a composite score of 57/100. The composite weights employment vulnerability at 35%, income concentration at 25%, housing leverage at 25%, and subtracts local resilience at 15%. For Zuid-Holland the risk pillars rank income concentration 67/100, employment vulnerability 65/100, housing leverage 59/100. Confidence in the underlying data for this area is medium.

See the full Zuid-Holland report

Full pillar breakdowns, peer benchmarking, and data sources with confidence ratings.

Generate the full report · Explore on the map

Other Netherlands markets

View all markets