AI Income Risk · Real Estate
North Dakota
ProofIndex score 40/100 (Low Risk) · medium confidence
ProofIndex score: 40/100 — Low Risk risk.
Scoring period 2026-Q2 · medium confidence in the underlying data
North Dakota (United States) is relatively insulated in ProofIndex’s scoring, with a ProofIndex score of 40/100 (Low Risk). The biggest contributor is income concentration — how concentrated local income is in higher-paid, AI-exposed work.
Key risk drivers
- Income Concentration — 53/100
- How concentrated local income is in higher-paid, AI-exposed work.
- Housing Leverage — 29/100
- How leveraged local mortgage borrowers are — loan-to-value, debt-to-income, and price-to-income.
- Resilience Factors — 22/100
- Local economic cushioning — savings, benefits, and job diversity that absorb an income shock.
- Employment Vulnerability — 21/100
- How exposed local jobs are to AI automation, based on the area’s occupation mix.
Where this score comes from
Every ProofIndex pillar is computed from published statistics. These are the sources behind this area's score, with the vintage of each and the limitation we know about it.
- Employment Vulnerability — US Census Bureau + ProofIndex model
- Derived ACS occupation proxy · Proxy · State · vintage 2020-2024 ACS 5-year. Occupation exposure is inferred from sector and education signals, not direct OEWS occupation employment.
- Income Concentration — US Census Bureau — ACS 5-year
- ACS state indicators · Official statistics · State · vintage 2020-2024 ACS 5-year. Official survey data; state-level values can hide MSA-level concentration.
- Housing Leverage — Zillow Research
- Zillow home value index · Market data · State · vintage May 2026 file release. Market data series; rental and mortgage stress inputs may be derived from home-value and income relationships.
- Rental Market Exposure — Zillow Research
- Zillow home value index · Market data · State · vintage May 2026 file release. Market data series; rental and mortgage stress inputs may be derived from home-value and income relationships.
- Resilience Factors — US Department of Labor ETA
- US safety-net parameters · Official statistics · State · vintage 2026. Statutory and public program parameters; savings and absorption are still proxy estimates.
Frequently asked questions
Is North Dakota at risk from AI job losses?
Less than most — North Dakota is relatively insulated among the United States markets ProofIndex tracks. It scores 40/100 (Low Risk) overall, and 21/100 on employment vulnerability — how much of the local occupation mix overlaps with work today’s AI can already do. ProofIndex measures how exposed local incomes are, not how many jobs will go: a higher score means more of the local wage base sits in work that AI is changing.
How exposed is the North Dakota housing market to AI automation?
North Dakota scores 40/100 (Low Risk) on ProofIndex, which blends how exposed local incomes are to AI with how leveraged the local housing market is. The largest single contributor is income concentration at 53/100 — how concentrated local income is in higher-paid, AI-exposed work. Housing leverage — loan-to-value, debt-to-income, and price-to-income among local borrowers — scores 29/100. Local resilience — savings, benefits, and job diversity that absorb an income shock — scores 22/100 and pulls the composite down. Scores are normalized 0–100 within United States, so this ranks North Dakota against other United States markets rather than against markets abroad.
Why is North Dakota rated Low Risk?
Low Risk is the risk tier ProofIndex assigns to a composite score of 40/100. The composite weights employment vulnerability at 35%, income concentration at 25%, housing leverage at 25%, and subtracts local resilience at 15%. For North Dakota the risk pillars rank income concentration 53/100, housing leverage 29/100, employment vulnerability 21/100. Confidence in the underlying data for this area is medium.
See the full North Dakota report
Full pillar breakdowns, peer benchmarking, and data sources with confidence ratings.
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Other United States markets
- Corvallis, OR — 88/100
- San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA — 87/100
- Bridgeport-Stamford-Danbury, CT — 87/100
- Santa Fe, NM — 86/100
- Bozeman, MT — 86/100
- San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA — 85/100