AI Income Risk · Real Estate
North Dakota
ProofIndex score 40/100 (Low Risk) · medium confidence
ProofIndex score: 40/100 — Low Risk risk.
Scoring period 2026-Q2 · medium data confidence
North Dakota (United States) is relatively insulated in ProofIndex’s scoring, with a ProofIndex score of 40/100 (Low Risk). The biggest contributor is income concentration. This measures how concentrated local income is in higher-paid, AI-exposed work.
Key risk drivers
- Income Concentration — 53/100
- How concentrated local income is in higher-paid, AI-exposed work.
- Housing Leverage — 29/100
- How leveraged local mortgage borrowers are, based on loan-to-value, debt-to-income, and price-to-income.
- Resilience Factors — 22/100
- Local economic buffers such as savings, benefits, and job diversity that can absorb an income shock.
- Employment Vulnerability — 21/100
- How exposed local jobs are to AI automation, based on the area’s occupation mix.
Where this score comes from
Every ProofIndex pillar uses published statistics. Review the sources behind this area's score, when each was released, and its known limitations.
Modeled EVI limitation: US Employment Vulnerability (EVI) is modeled, not directly measured. It is inferred from ACS sector and education patterns rather than direct BLS OEWS occupation employment. Because EVI contributes 35% of the score, treat this component as directional.
- Employment Vulnerability — US Census Bureau + ProofIndex model
- Derived ACS occupation proxy · Proxy · State · vintage 2020-2024 ACS 5-year. Occupation exposure is inferred from sector and education signals, not direct OEWS occupation employment.
- Income Concentration — US Census Bureau — ACS 5-year
- ACS state indicators · Official statistics · State · vintage 2020-2024 ACS 5-year. Official survey data; state-level values can hide MSA-level concentration.
- Housing Leverage — Zillow Research
- Zillow home value index · Market data · State · vintage May 2026 file release. Market data series; rental and mortgage stress inputs may be derived from home-value and income relationships.
- Rental Market Exposure — Zillow Research
- Zillow home value index · Market data · State · vintage May 2026 file release. Market data series; rental and mortgage stress inputs may be derived from home-value and income relationships.
- Resilience Factors — US Department of Labor ETA
- US safety-net parameters · Official statistics · State · vintage 2026. Statutory and public program parameters; savings and absorption are still proxy estimates.
Frequently asked questions
Is North Dakota at risk from AI job losses?
North Dakota has less exposure than most covered United States markets. It scores 40/100 (Low Risk) overall, and 21/100 on employment vulnerability, which measures how much local work overlaps with tasks AI can already do. ProofIndex measures how exposed local incomes are, not how many jobs will go: a higher score means more of the local wage base comes from work that AI is changing.
How exposed is the North Dakota housing market to AI automation?
North Dakota scores 40/100 (Low Risk) on ProofIndex, which blends how exposed local incomes are to AI with how leveraged the local housing market is. The largest contributor is income concentration at 53/100. This measures how concentrated local income is in higher-paid, AI-exposed work. Housing leverage scores 29/100, based on loan-to-value, debt-to-income, and price-to-income among local borrowers. Local resilience scores 22/100. Savings, benefits, and job diversity reduce the final score. Scores are normalized 0–100 within United States, so this compares North Dakota with other United States markets. It cannot be compared directly with markets abroad.
Why is North Dakota rated Low Risk?
Low Risk is the risk tier ProofIndex assigns to a composite score of 40/100. The composite weights employment vulnerability at 35%, income concentration at 25%, housing leverage at 25%, and subtracts local resilience at 15%. For North Dakota the risk pillars rank income concentration 53/100, housing leverage 29/100, employment vulnerability 21/100. Confidence in the underlying data for this area is medium.
See the full North Dakota report
Full pillar breakdowns, peer benchmarking, and data sources with confidence ratings.
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Other United States markets
- Corvallis, OR — 88/100
- San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA — 87/100
- Bridgeport-Stamford-Danbury, CT — 87/100
- Santa Fe, NM — 86/100
- Bozeman, MT — 86/100
- San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA — 85/100