AI Income Risk · Real Estate
Billings, MT
ProofIndex score 61/100 (High Risk) · medium confidence
ProofIndex score: 61/100 — High Risk risk.
Scoring period 2026-Q2 · medium confidence in the underlying data
Billings, MT (United States) ranks among the higher-risk markets ProofIndex tracks, with a ProofIndex score of 61/100 (High Risk). The biggest contributor is housing leverage — how leveraged local mortgage borrowers are — loan-to-value, debt-to-income, and price-to-income.
Key risk drivers
- Housing Leverage — 97/100
- How leveraged local mortgage borrowers are — loan-to-value, debt-to-income, and price-to-income.
- Resilience Factors — 71/100
- Local economic cushioning — savings, benefits, and job diversity that absorb an income shock.
- Income Concentration — 60/100
- How concentrated local income is in higher-paid, AI-exposed work.
- Employment Vulnerability — 50/100
- How exposed local jobs are to AI automation, based on the area’s occupation mix.
Where this score comes from
Every ProofIndex pillar is computed from published statistics. These are the sources behind this area's score, with the vintage of each and the limitation we know about it.
- Employment Vulnerability — US Census Bureau + ProofIndex model
- Derived ACS MSA occupation proxy · Proxy · MSA · vintage 2020-2024 ACS 5-year. MSA occupation exposure is inferred from local education and parent-state sector mix.
- Income Concentration — US Census Bureau — ACS 5-year
- ACS MSA indicators · Official statistics · MSA · vintage 2020-2024 ACS 5-year. Official survey data at metro level; occupation exposure still uses derived sector/education mapping.
- Housing Leverage — Zillow Research
- Zillow metro home value index · Market data · MSA · vintage May 2026 file release. Market data series for metro home values; some credit and rent inputs are modelled.
- Rental Market Exposure — Zillow Research
- Zillow metro home value index · Market data · MSA · vintage May 2026 file release. Market data series for metro home values; some credit and rent inputs are modelled.
- Resilience Factors — US Department of Labor ETA + ProofIndex model
- US metro resilience estimate · Derived · MSA · vintage 2026. Derived from state-level safety-net parameters and metro labor-market characteristics.
Frequently asked questions
Is Billings, MT at risk from AI job losses?
Relative to other United States markets, yes — Billings, MT ranks among the higher-risk markets ProofIndex tracks. It scores 61/100 (High Risk) overall, and 50/100 on employment vulnerability — how much of the local occupation mix overlaps with work today’s AI can already do. ProofIndex measures how exposed local incomes are, not how many jobs will go: a higher score means more of the local wage base sits in work that AI is changing.
How exposed is the Billings, MT housing market to AI automation?
Billings, MT scores 61/100 (High Risk) on ProofIndex, which blends how exposed local incomes are to AI with how leveraged the local housing market is. The largest single contributor is housing leverage at 97/100 — how leveraged local mortgage borrowers are — loan-to-value, debt-to-income, and price-to-income. Housing leverage — loan-to-value, debt-to-income, and price-to-income among local borrowers — scores 97/100. Local resilience — savings, benefits, and job diversity that absorb an income shock — scores 71/100 and pulls the composite down. Scores are normalized 0–100 within United States, so this ranks Billings, MT against other United States markets rather than against markets abroad.
Why is Billings, MT rated High Risk?
High Risk is the risk tier ProofIndex assigns to a composite score of 61/100. The composite weights employment vulnerability at 35%, income concentration at 25%, housing leverage at 25%, and subtracts local resilience at 15%. For Billings, MT the risk pillars rank housing leverage 97/100, income concentration 60/100, employment vulnerability 50/100. Confidence in the underlying data for this area is medium.
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Other United States markets
- Corvallis, OR — 88/100
- San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA — 87/100
- Bridgeport-Stamford-Danbury, CT — 87/100
- Santa Fe, NM — 86/100
- Bozeman, MT — 86/100
- San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA — 85/100